Method of making frieze fabrics



Dec. 25, 1934. w. F. amp 1,985,761

NE'I'HQD OF MAKING mums mumps Filed Oct. 14, 1933 T13BTB -'oo OO...O.

Pile Wire Back Ihwentor Wh/fwokf/r F Bird Gttomeg Patented Dec. 25, 1934 UNITED" STATES" PATENT OFFICE 6 Claims.

My invention is an improved method of weaving simultaneously a plurality of superposed frieze fabrics each comprising ground warps, ground wefts, pile warps and face wefts supporting loops formed by the pile warps upon double shuttle looms provided with pile wires extending longitudinally of the warps.

In accordance with my invention the pile wires are arranged in two sets respectively above and below a central plane, and the pile wires of one set preferably pass through even dent spaces of a reed while the pile wires of the other set preferably pass through odd dent spaces of the reed. and the ends of the respect.ve sets of pile wires are shedded by one or more heddle frames so as to form portions of the sheds in which picks of weft are laid simultaneously by the double shuttles.

The pile wires of both sets are shedded in the same direction during the laying of one pair of picks and are all shedded in the opposite direction during the laying of the next pair of picks,

but the ends of neither set of pile wires need.

be moved past the central plane midway between the two sets.

When the pile wires are shedded upward so that the ends of the lower group of pile wires are approximately in the central plane between the groups of wires and the ends of the upper group of wires are suificiently above such plane to permit the passage of a shuttle between the two groups, the ground warps of the lower fabric are so shedded as to'form a ground shed and the pick of weft laid therein by the lower shuttle binds together the ground warps and the pile warps of the lower fabric, which are shedded downward. Simultaneously, the ground warps ofthe upper fabric are shedded above the path of travel of the upper shuttle and the pile warps.

are shedded below such path so as to form from the pile warps a row of frieze loops projecting downwardly from the upper ground. The pick of weft laid by the upper shuttle below the upper set of pile wires, viz., between the two sets of pile wires, forms a face pick for supporting such row warps are shedded upward above the path of the top shuttle and the ground warps of the upper fabric are so shedded as to form a ground shed. The pick laid by the upper shuttle above the upper set of pile wires binds into the upper ground the legs of the previously formed frieze loops. Simultaneously, the warps of the lower fabric are so shedded that all of the ground warps are beneath and the pile warps are above the line of travel of the lower shuttle, and the laying of a pick by the lower shuttle between the pile warps and the ground warps of the lower fabric permits the formation of a new row of frieze loops projecting upwardly from the lower ground.

By my improvements, wear on the pile wires is minimized, each throw of the shuttles forms a row of frieze loops on one or the other of the fabrics, the size of the frieze loops may be readily regulated, and the double frieze fabrics are read ily separable without the pulling out of any of the weft threads, since all of the wefts laid by following description and the accompanying drawing in illustration thereof.

In the drawing, Fig. 1 illustrated diagrammatically the weaving of a double frieze fabric in accordance with my invention; Fig. 2 shows diagrammatically a portion of a loom having parts and yarns arranged for the practice of my invention; and Fig. 3 is a diagrammatic weaving diagram illustrating one complete sequence of the steps involved in the practice of my invention.

As illustrated in the drawing, my invention is conveniently practiced on a usual form of loom comprising, inter alia, a lay A carrying a reed B, a top shuttle C, a bottom shuttle D and heddle frames E, F, G, H, I, J, K, and L. These parts are connected with a suitable driving and control mechanism (not shown) to effect their operations in a desired sequence.

The heddle frames E have connected therewith a horizontal row of flexible wires M preferably of circular cross-section and projecting through alternate reed spaces, say of the odd dents, longitudinally of the fabric to be woven and the heddle frame F has connected therewith a horizontal row of similar wires extending through alternate reed spaces, say the even dents of the reed, longitudinally of the fabric to be woven. The group of wires M, when straight, lie below, and the group of wires N, when straight, lie above, a horizontal plane approximately midway of the thickness of the fabric to be woven.

Ground warps 1 and 2 and a pile warp 3 for the lower fabric are led from suitable beams through heddles carried by the respective heddle frames H, J and I and pass through a reed space to the bottom fabric.

Ground warps 4 and 5 and pile warps 6 for the top fabric are led from suitable beams through heddlescarried by the respective heddle frames G, K and L through the reed spaces and to the upper fabric.

In a preferred cycle of weaving separable double frieze fabrics in accordance with my invention, the pile wires are both shedded downward so that the ends of the pile wires N are approximately in the central plane above referred to and the ends of the ends of the pile wires M are sufficiently below such plane to permit the passage of the shuttle D between the two groups of pile wires. The pile warps 3 and 6 and the top ground warp 5 are shedded upward'while the ground warps l, 2 and 4 are shedded downward.

When the shuttles C and D are picked the shuttle C lays a weft '7 above the wirecN and ground warp 4 and below the pile warp 6 and ground warp 5 so that the pile warps 6 are bound into the ground of the upper fabric when the shed is changed. Simultaneously, the shuttle C lays a pick 8 above the ground warps 1 and 2 and pile wire M and below the pile warp 3. This weft laid by the bottom shuttle D forms a fast weft for supporting above the bottom ground a row of frieze loops formed by the pile warps 3 when the sheds are changed.

On the next turn of the loom, the shedding mechanism is operated so that the top ground warps 4 and 5, the bottom ground warp 2 and both pile wires are elevated and the bottom ground warp 1 and both pile warps are depressed. The shuttles C and D are then simultaneously picked across the loom. The top shuttle C lays a weft 9 between the wires M and N beneath the top ground warps 4 and 5 and above the top pile warp 6. The bottom shuttle lays a weft 10 below the pile wires and bottom ground warp 2 and above the pile warps 3 and ground warps 1.

Upon the change of the sheds, the pile loops 3 are interlaced in the bottom ground and the pile warps 6 form frieze loops projecting from the top ground.

As a result of the change of sheds last referred to, the ground warps 1, 2 and 5 and the pile wires M and N are shedded downwardly and the ground warp 4 and pile warps 3 and 6 areshedded upwardly. In this position of the sheds the upper shuttle C lays a pick 11 below the ground warp 4 and pile warp 6 and above the pile wire N and ground warp 5. Simultaneously therewith the lower shuttle D lays a pick 12 between the pile wires M and N, below the pile warp 3 and above the ground warps 1 and 2.

Upon the next operation of the shedding mechanisms the ground warps 1, 5 and 4 and the pile wires M and N are shedded upwardly and the ground warp 2 and pile warps 3 and 6 are shedded downwardly. The upper shuttle C then lays a pick 13 between the pile wires M and N, above the pile warp 6 and below the ground warps 4 and 5. Simultaneously therewith the lower shuttle D lays a pick of weft 14 above the ground warp 2 and pile warp 3 and below the ground warp 1 and pile wire M. The sequence is then repeated until a desired length of fabric is woven.

It will, of com se, be understood that after the laying of each pair of weft threads they are beaten up by the wires of the reed B against the fell of the previously formed cloth. As the cloth passes toward the takeup rolls it slides off the end of the pile wires M and N and the upper and lower fabric separated from one another.

Having described my invention, I claim- 1. In the Weaving simultaneously of a plurality of superposed frieze fabrics each having ground warps, pile warps and wefts on a double shuttle loom having two sets of pile wires extending longitudinally of the warps, the steps which comprise laying a ground pick in one fabric and simultaneously laying a face weft for forming the frieze loops of the other fabric, changing the warp sheds and laying a pick forming a face weft for forming the frieze loops of the first named fabric, and simultaneously laying a pick forming a ground Weft in the second named fabric, the picks forming face wefts being laid between said pile wires, and the pairs of picks laid simultaneously by the shuttles being laid first on opposite sides of one wire and then on opposite sides of the other wire, and so on and the loop-supporting wefts of both fabrics lying in substantially the same plane.

2. In the weaving simultaneously of a plurality of superposed frieze fabrics each comprising ground warps, pile warps, and wefts on a double shuttle loom having two sets of pile wires extending longitudinally of the warps, the steps which comprise forming a sequential series of pairs of sheds, each pair of sheds being formed by shedding one of said sets of pile wires and the pile warps of one of said fabrics oppositely to one another and simultaneously forming the second shed by shedding the other set of pile wires and the pile warps of the other of said fabrics oppositely to one another, said pile wires being shedded together and in the same direction in forming said sheds, and laying a pick in each shed of a pair simultaneously, one of said picks being laid by one of said shuttles in one shed of .a pair and such pick providing a face weft for forming frieze loops of one of said fabrics and the other of said picks being laid by the other of said shuttles in the other shed of said -pair and such pick binding pile warps in the ground of the other of said fabrics; said first named shuttle laying a pick in a shed of the next pair of sheds, such pick binding pile warps in the ground of the first named fabric and the second named shuttle laying a pick in the other shed of the second named pair and such pick providing a face weft for forming frieze loops on the second named fabric; the loop-supporting wefts of both fabrics lying in substantially the same plane.

3. In the weaving simultaneously of p a plurality of superposed frieze fabrics each comprising ground warps, pile warps, and wefts on a double shuttle loom having two sets of pile wires extending longitudinally of the warps, the stepswhich comprise forming a shed by shedding oppositely to one another one of said sets of pile wires andthe pile warps of one of said fabrics and forming a second shed by shedding oppositely to one another the other set of pile wires and the pile warps of the other of said fabrics, the ground warps of one of said fabrics being all shedded in the same direction as one of said sets of pile wires and the ground warps of the other of said fabrics being partly shedded in the same direction as and partly shedded in the opposite direction from the other of said sets of pile wires, the pile wires all being shedded in the same direction in forming said sheds, simultaneously laying a pick from one of the shuttles between said sets of wires and in one of said sheds and laying a pick from the other of said shuttles below both sets of wires and in the other of said sheds, one of said picks forming a face weft for forming the frieze loops of one of said fabrics and the other of said picks binding pile warps into the ground of the other of said fabrics, reversing the shedding of said pile wires and pile warps to form a second pair of sheds, and simultaneously laying a pick from the first named shuttle above both sets of pile wires and in one of said second pair of sheds and laying a pick from the first named shuttle between the sets of pile wires and in the other shed of the second pair, the loops of one fabric being partly interposed between the loops of the other fabric.

4. In the weaving simultaneously of a plurality of superposed frieze fabrics each comprising ground warps, pile warps and wefts on adouble shuttle loom having two sets of pile wires extending longitudinally of the warps, and a plurality of weft carriers simultaneously movable in fixed paths spaced apart, the steps which comprise shedding both sets of pile wires in the same direction and the pile warps of both fabrics in the direction opposite to the shedding of said pile wires, laying a'pick of weft from one of said weft 40 wires and the warps of the second fabric, reversing the shedding of said pile wires and pile warps to form a second pair of sheds,'laying a pick of weft from the second named weft carrier between the two sets of pile wires, and simultaneously laying a pick-of weft from the first named weft carrier above both sets of pile wires, the loops of one fabric being in close and staggered relationship to the loops of the other fabric.

5. In the weaving of separable superposed frieze fabrics each having ground warps, pile warps, ground wefts and face wefts on a double shuttle loom having two sets of pile wires extending lonin the opposite direction, laying a face weft from the first named shuttle below the first named set of pile wires and simultaneously therewith laying a ground weft from the second named shuttle below the second named set of pile wires, one of the sets of pile wires being shedded to a plane between the shuttle paths on movement of the pile wires in one direction and the other set of pile wires being shedded to substantially such plane on movement of the pile wires in the opposite direction.

6. In the weaving simultaneously of a plurality of superposed frieze fabrics each comprising ground warps, pile warps, ground wefts and face wefts, on a double shuttle loom having two sets of pile wires extending in the direction of the warps, said sets of pile wires above and below the horizontal central plane between them, the steps which comprise shedding said pile wires in the same direction so as to move one set of wires substantially to said central plane and the other a set of pile wires substantially above said central plane, laying a ground pick beneath said first named set of pile wires and simultaneously laying a face pick beneath said second set of pile wires, shedding said pile wires in a direction opposite to the first named direction until the said second set of pile wires are substantially in said central plane and the first set of pile wires are substantially below said central plane, laying a pick of face weft above said first named shed of pile wires and simultaneously laying a ground weft above said second named set of pile wires.

WHI'I'WORTH FONTAINE BIRD. 

